Light Therapy

What is it?

Light therapy involves exposure to bright light for around 2 hours each day, usually in the morning. Light therapy can involve exposure to natural sunlight, but more often involves using a lamp-like device called a light therapy box, or a bank of fluorescent lights, which emit a bright light.

How does it work?

Light therapy is mainly used for people who tend to become depressed in autumn and winter, when the daylight is shorter. These people then get better in spring and summer. This type of depression is known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The lack of light in winter is thought to affect their natural body rhythms. During light therapy, the person undergoing therapy sits near a light therapy box for a few hours, which mimics the type of exposure to natural light that they would get during spring and summer months.

Light therapy is sometimes also prescribed for people with non-seasonal depression.

Is it effective?

There is good evidence that light therapy helps people with seasonal affective disorder. Studies have found that light therapy works better than placebos (treatments with no known effect) and can be just as effective as antidepressant drugs. There is also evidence that using light therapy as well as antidepressant medication is more effective than using either treatment by itself. Light therapy works best if given early in the morning rather than later in the day. There is less evidence on whether light therapy is effective at preventing SAD.  

There is also some evidence that light therapy may help people whose depression is not seasonal. However, more studies of higher quality are needed.

Are there any disadvantages?

Light therapy can produce mild mania (over-excitement) in some people. Some people might also experience problems in getting to sleep at night. However, light therapy is generally well tolerated and is associated with fewer side effects than antidepressant medication.

Where do you get it?

Equipment such as light boxes and dawn simulators are available to buy online. You can also usually get a good amount of light exposure by going outside for one or two hours in the morning, but this might not be possible in countries that have very short winter days.